영작) Answer whether True or False and briefly explain Poverty has the same meaning in all countries 외
분야
hwpPoverty has the same meaning in all countries. 외
1. Answer whether “True” or “False” and briefly explain.
a. Poverty has the same meaning in all countries. (5 points)
→ False. ‘Relative poverty’ is difficult to set objective standards because there may be differences in standards between regions, organizations, and countries.
b. Since the end of apartheid, the black and white populations in the lower income class are nearly equal. (5 points)
→ False. As of 2012, 56% of black people were in poverty, while only 2% of white people were classified as poor.
c. Since the end of apartheid, the upper income class is mostly white. (5 points)
→ True. According to IMF statistics in 2011, black people in South Africa are evenly distributed across the entire income sector, while nearly 80% of white people are concentrated in the top 20% of income level.
2. What is the difference(and relationship) between inequality and poverty? (8 points)
→ The concept of inequality is much broader than the concept of poverty. If the concept of poverty is mainly based on economic living standards, inequality can be seen as an unfair allocation of social values including not only economic living standards but also freedom, rights, and opportunities. Poverty is influenced by the interaction of complex factors including economic inequality and unequal distribution of resources.
3. Based on the attached Excel file. (70 points)
a. What is the share(in %) of South Africa’s manufactures exports in total merchandise exports in the year 2000? Has it increased in 2020? (8 points)
→ 47% in 2000. In 2020, manufacturing export products account for 38% of total product exports. The proportion of manufacturing export products continued to decline after accounting for half of all products in 2005.
b. Can we say that the agricultural sector consistently dominates Namibia’s economy? (8 points)
→ No. Agricultural products account for a lower proportion of Namibias exports than those of the manufacturing industry, and since 2010, the proportion has been lower than that of fuels and mining products. As of 2020, agricultural products account for the lowest proportion of all export items.