2.Natural History
3.Risk Factors
4.Challenges of diagnosis
5.PULMONARY EMBOLISM MANAGEMENT
6.PREVENTION
7.Reference
- Distant metastasis: 44% versus 35.1%
- 1 year survival rate: 12% versus 36%
Cancer patients are more likely to have large, proximal, persistent, and recurrent venous thrombosis.
Clinical diagnosis alone lacks sensitivity and specificity for acute venous thrombosis.
Diagnostic imaging studies such as duplex ultrasound and lung scintigraphy may provide more false-positive and false-negative results in cancer patients.
Plasma markers of coagulation activation do not predict development of thrombosis but can assist in prognosis determination.
Cancer patients are more likely to manifest heparin resistance and warfarin failure and to have limited venous access to support therapeutic anticoagulant monitoring.
Tendencies toward thrombocytopenia, osteopenia, malnutrition, brain metastasis, hepatic metastasis, and bleeding all complicate thrombosis care in cancer patients.
: Chapter 46 – Diagnosis, Treatment, and Prevention of Cancer-Related Venous Thrombosis
Rodger L. Bick. Cancer-Associated Thrombosis. New England Journal of Medicine. 349;2 109-111page

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