◆ Identify interesting variation and your question of inquiry.
-Why is it interesting?
-Why should we care about it?
◆ Propose your theory and hypothesis
-What are your dependent and independent variables?
-How do you measure key concept?
◆ Five causal Hurdles
1. A credible causal mechanism : Is there a credible causal mechanism that connects X to Y?
2. Temporal order : Does X come first in time?
3. Covariation : Is there a covariation between X and Y?
4. Endogeneity : Could Y cause X?
5. Spuriousness : Is there some confounding variable Z that is related to both X and Y and makes the observed association between X and Y spurious?
◆ Build your own research design
The huge gap between social classes is always an important matter that all government should consider, because it is one of the reason that makes society inequal regardless of power or wealth of country. Besides, in these days, this gap become greater due to neo-liberalism, base ideology of economy. To reduce this gap, it would be helpful to us to know the characteristics of the hierarchical open society that vertical mobility among classes are relatively freer than others. As the stationery industry has never been studied as a factor affected by open society, we wanted to focus on the relationship between the open society and the stationery industry. If this causal relationship will be proved true, it would be useful to analyze the society that has less gap among classes.
◆ Propose your theory and hypothesis
-What are your dependent and independent variables?
In hierarchical open society, (Independent Variable)
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the stationery industry is well-developed. (Dependent Variable) .
-Clarify the variables.
In this hypothesis, the word 'hierarchical open' means that society has higher possibility of moving social class to class through fair competiton which is conducted only by effort of studying, not by any other factors, for instance, money, power or family backgrounds. To define dependent variable, the word 'well-developed' means that stationery companies make high profit over a year, consist major part of world's stationery industry, and of course, have various and good quality of writing supplies.

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