분야
hwp■ What is psychology? [psych + logy]
→ The scientific study of mind and behavior.
Nature (inborn)
Plato
Nurture (experience)
Aristotle
■ Philosophy&psychology : Question about human nature.
VS
■ Mind & Body
· Rene Descartes (1596-1650) : Mind ≠ Body ⇒ Dualism
↕
· Thomas Hobbes (1588-1679) : "The mind is what the brain does."
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· Frnaz Joseph Gall (1758-1828) : Phrenology.
↓conducting experiments
· Pierre Flourens (1794-1867) & Paul Broca (1824-1880) : The body and the mind are linked.
■ Structuralism
· Willhelm Wundt (1832-1920) - The beginning of psychology as a science.
- Focus on analyzing consciousness.
■ Functionalism
· Willhelm James (1842-1910) - Focus on the function of consciousness,
- Applying Darwin's theory of natural selection.
- Natural environment > in the laboratory.
→ Stanley Hall : Follower.